Method and device for machine diagnosis, especially for transmission diagnosis

ABSTRACT

A method for machine diagnosis and, in particular, for transmission diagnosis of a machine or motor vehicle. The measurement system comprises a capturing magnet ( 2 ); on the surface of which the ferritic wear particles ( 3 ) to be detected accumulate. A binary measurement signal is produced by a reed contact ( 1 ) arranged opposite the capturing magnet ( 2 ). This measurement gives an indication of the condition of the machine or transmission.

[0001] The present invention concerns a method for machine diagnosis and, in particular, for transmission diagnosis of a machine or motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1. In addition the invention concerns a device for implementing the method.

[0002] In modern machines and vehicle transmissions it is nowadays sought to fill these with engine oil and transmission oil once during their lifetime, and the life of such a transmission being, for example, typically on the order of 1 million kilometers.

[0003] The machine or transmission oil serves to lubricate and cool all the mechanical elements. Since it is never changed, it is exceptionally suitable for machine or transmission diagnosis since, over the course of time, all kinds of abrasion particles accumulate in the oil. Consequently, analysis of the machine or transmission oil provides information about the condition of the machine or transmission.

[0004] In this, ferritic wear is of particularly great importance since in almost any type of incipient damage, such as roller bearing wear, the formation of pitting in the gear teeth leading to tooth fracture, wear of the gear cage bolts, etc., ferritic wear alone, or in combination with other types of wear (non-ferrous metal wear, molybdenum degeneration, etc.), occurs.

[0005] In the state of the prior art, there now exists an oil diagnosis system disclosed by the present applicant in WO 02/46744, which detects ferritic wear metals by means of a wear sensor based on the Hall effect. This measurement system is in an oil duct of a transmission or a machine. It is designed as a sensor in a two-part sensor housing. A Hall sensor is arranged in the upper part of the sensor housing. The Hall sensor detects the ferritic wear particles which accumulate on the capturing magnet in the lower part of the sensor housing.

[0006] Such oil diagnosis systems are undergoing continual further development because, for example, the assembly of the two-part housing in the oil duct is relatively difficult to carry out. Further development potential is available in the design of the sensor's electrical supply. For example, it is extremely important to keep the supply voltage of the Hall sensor stable so that there will be no fault-inducing fluctuations in the measurement signal.

[0007] Accordingly, the purpose of the present invention, starting from the prior art mentioned above, is to provide a method for machine diagnosis, and especially for transmission diagnosis, which selectively detects ferrous wear and which enables on-line diagnosis indicating the condition of the machine or transmission. In addition, a device for implementing the method should be indicated.

[0008] These objectives are achieved by the characteristics specified in the independent claim 1. Other advantageous features are indicated in the dependent claims.

[0009] The measurement system according to the invention consists of a capturing magnet with an arranged oppositely parallel reed contact. The measuring system is built into a oil duct of a machine or transmission. The oil stream flowing in the duct is contaminated with ferromagnetic particles. The local distribution of these particles is immaterial for the function of the sensor. On the lower side of the oil duct, there is a capturing magnet which collects the ferritic wear particles from the oil. The capturing magnet is so positioned in the oil duct so that the ferritic wear particles can accumulate on it. Due to the accumulation of ferritic wear particles, the magnetic flux, which passes through a reed contact, changes. The reed contact is positioned opposite the capturing magnet and is closed or open, depending on the level of the magnetic flux.

[0010] As soon as a certain quantity of ferritic wear particles have accumulated on the capturing magnet, a magnetic short-circuit results. This means that the magnetic field lines run, via the accumulated ferritic wear particles, directly from the North to the South pole of the capturing magnet. In other words, the magnetic field is screened from the reed contact. As a result, the reed contact opens at a defined threshold value. The threshold value depends on the quantity of accumulated iron particles. Since the quantity of particles can become very large, the reed contact must be arranged such that the magnetic scatter fields of the particles are reduced to a minimum. Otherwise, the capturing magnet is in effect extended towards the reed contact and the flux change is undetectable. The definition of the threshold value establishes when maintenance or checking of the transmission is necessary. Switching of the reed contact produces a binary datum with which the need for maintenance or checking can be associated.

[0011] Other advantages of the device according to the invention are as follows:

[0012] its mode of operation does not depend on the transport fluid;

[0013] its mode of operation does not depend on the duct cross-section,

[0014] its mode of operation is largely independent of the Reynolds number of the transport fluid and of air included in it,

[0015] the structure of the device is robust and it therefore has a long life.

[0016] production and operating costs are low; and

[0017] on-line transmission or machine diagnosis is possible.

[0018] The binary measurement signal of the device, according to the invention, serves as a timely indication of high wear of ferritic moving parts of a transmission or a machine. This information can be used as a warning, which detects not yet visible damage and prevents a possible future total failure of the transmission or machine. Both repair costs/repurchasing of the transmission or machine and even a possible loss of earnings, for vehicles used commercially, can be reduced considerably by the device according to the invention. Moreover, the device, according to the invention, used, for example, in a transmission of a motor vehicle, can increase safety by avoiding transmission damage while driving.

[0019] The Figure shows a longitudinal section through part of an oil duct 4 of a transmission. A capturing magnet or permanent magnet 2 is arranged on the lower side of the oil duct 4. Opposite this permanent magnet 2, on the upper side of the oil duct 4, is a reed contact 1. As shown in the Figure, the magnetic field lines 5 emerge from the permanent magnet 2 and extend outwards through the cross-section of the oil duct. Ferritic wear particles 3, in the oil stream 6, are attracted by the permanent magnet 2 and accumulate on its surface. If enough ferritic wear particles 3 are present on the surface of the permanent magnet 2, the magnetic field lines run directly through the ferritic wear particles 3 from the North to the South pole. The result of this is that the density of the magnetic field lines, the so-termed magnetic flux density, decreases in the cross-section of the oil duct 4. This change of the magnetic flux density is detected by the reed contact 1 and, when its value exceeds or falls below a certain threshold value, the reed contact respectively opens or closes. The switching of the reed contact generates a binary measurement signal which is suitable for indicating that the condition of the transmission should be checked.

[0020] Reference Numerals

[0021]1. Reed contact

[0022]2. Capturing magnet

[0023]3. Ferritic wear particles

[0024]4. Oil duct

[0025]5. Magnetic field lines

[0026]6. Oil flow 

1. Method for machine diagnosis and especially for transmission diagnosis by analysis of the machine or transmission oil, in particular for the detection of ferritic wear particles, characterized in that a reed contact (1) is used, whose output signal is a measure of the condition of the machine or transmission.
 2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the measurement system a sensor is used, which is built into an oil duct (4) of a machine or transmission, a capturing magnet (2) being arranged on the lower side of the oil duct (4) and a reed contact on the upper side of the oil duct (4).
 3. Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the capturing magnet produces a magnetic flux density outwards over the cross-section of the oil duct (4), which is changed by the accumulation of ferritic wear particles (2) that are to be detected on the surface of the capturing magnet (2), and this change is detected by the reed contact (1) in such manner that a binary measurement signal is produced, which gives a measure of the condition of the machine or transmission.
 4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the effectiveness and sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted by virtue of the positioning and technical characteristics of the capturing magnet (2) and reed contact (1), and the sensor can thereby be adapted for different environments.
 5. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a permanent magnet or an electromagnet is used as the capturing magnet (3).
 6. Device for implementing the method according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that on the lower side of the oil duct (4) is arranged a capturing magnet (2) on the surface of which the ferritic wear particles (3) to be detected accumulate, and on the upper side of the oil duct (4) is arranged a reed contact (1), whose binary output signal gives a measure of the condition of the machine or transmission.
 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the capturing magnet (2) is a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. 